I had no plans to write or investigate pitcher injuries again. I’ve done it several times in the past with similar results. Since I needed the same information to investigate if an often injured pitcher ages faster as I did with hitters, I had the data available so why not take another stab at projecting pitcher injury risks with a few different inputs.

For a refresher, here are some of my previous findings:

• Previous injuries, age, and workload matter.
• A low Zone% is a precursor to injuries
• High fastball velocity, not pitch type, leads to injuries.
• Shoulder and elbow injuries can linger for a while.

The small data difference is that instead of limiting the IL days to the previous one to three seasons, I’m just using the accumulated days. Also, I tracking the number of times the pitcher went on the IL for an arm, elbow, or shoulder injury. The two different factors are joined by fastball velocity, Zone%, and age to see what leads to injuries the next season.

I took all the data from all the pitchers and ran it through a Trees analysis and got the following chart.

This image sums up pitcher injuries perfectly. The best predictor of future injuries is past injuries. And just because a pitcher had never been on the IL, on average, they will still spend ~18 days on it. It’s just re-enforcing common sense backed up by study after study.

From my previous work, the injury rates between starters and relievers (i.e. starters who can’t stay healthy) are drastically different. For that reason, I ran the analysis splitting out starters (GS/G >= .5) from relievers (GS/G < .5). Here are the two decision trees.

Starters

Relievers

We have some further division taking place fastball velocity on both, a further out 460-day threshold for starters, and age requirement. I’m not a huge fan of the multi-branched tree with many variables. I’m all for keeping it simple. Using the above variables, I cut and diced the data into several possible combinations and came up with the following divisions.

Again, the rates are similar to my previous findings. The only changes are the pitch velocity groupings and that rough over-460 IL day group who average two months on the IL a year. For me, I focus on starters and will designate the starters into three risk groups:

• Low: No IL, low velo.
• Medium: No IL, high velo, and some IL, low velo.
• High: Some IL, high velo, and high IL.

Not all injuries can be avoided, but the injury downside is just another factor to consider when setting each pitcher’s fantasy value.

And what’s a study without the players to consider for the upcoming season. Here are the historic IL days and fastball velocity for any pitcher with 10 starts last season.

• The pitcher with the highest velocity and IL experience is Noah Syndergaard. That 2020 IL stint didn’t take long.
• The oldest starter to never have been on the IL is Tanner Roark at 33.
• Darvish and Morton are going as the 17th and 18th pitchers even though they’ve broken the 460-day threshold.
• Just go and scroll through the starters who have been on the IL and throw over 93-mph, especially over 95. Lots of them have spent considerable time on the IL over their careers. I’m thinking to target “safer” but elite starters if given the opportunity like Corbin, Bieber, Kershaw, Castillo, and Flaherty. There is no way to completely stay away from the injury risk but why not add a pitcher with a 28% chance (Boyd) than someone with a 63% chance (Ryu)

These conclusions were about 80% in line with what I expected with fastball velocity nudging itself in. Next up will be taking this information and seeing if a higher injury rate ages pitchers more than projected.

Predicting hitter injuries has been a fool’s errand for me. Besides players with chronic injuries (e.g. Albert Pujols and Ryan Braun), others and myself have made little headway in the field. With few guidelines, many fantasy analysts and owners handle hitter injuries differently. Previously, I focused on a hitter’s recent injury history. This time I attempted a different approach and used the hitter’s career IL days. In the end, I found a useful and easy to remember injury threshold.

For the study, I examined hitters from the 2010 to 2018 seasons. I have IL data going back to 2002, so I hoped the preceding eight years of data would get most of the hitter’s 2010 career total. Additionally, I needed the next season (e.g. 2019) to compare results. Additionally, I set a minimum hitting threshold (100 PA) to include at least some semi-regulars. I know I may miss a hitter who is out the whole season, but the two-week callups were diluting the results. In all, I ended up with a sample of 2365 player seasons.
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The New York Yankees announced that top starter James Paxton will be out at least 3-4 months after undergoing a microscopic lumbar discectomy to remove a peridiscal cyst. It’s absolutely brutal news for the 31-year old lefty, who has battled injuries throughout his career as Jay Jaffe outlined in his piece about the injury. It does look like the timeline is for his return to the field so late-May/early-June is the target, but I’d plan for mid-to-late June just to be safe.

In leagues with IL spots, I have no real issue stashing him, even if it were for the full three months of the regular season. His price will plummet, and you need to decide where you’re comfortable grabbing him as a stash. There was only one NFBC draft last night after the news and he went 224th, which put him around the likes of Ian Kennedy, Giovanny Gallegos, and Griffin Canning as far as pitchers. Now it’s worth noting that the NFBC doesn’t have IL spots so anyone drafting him must eat one of their seven reserve spots.

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I was wrong. About seven years ago, I wrote on how hitters may overperform their projections since they played through an injury. The injury hampered their production in the season in question, lowered the future projection, and created a buying opportunity. For years, I believed this steadily until last season when I re-ran the numbers and found “jack squat”.

Earlier this week, I examined some of this past season’s hitters who fought through the pain and felt a deeper analysis was needed. I dove in and the results were backwards. I found no bounceback should be expected from hitters who played through injuries, but there is more. For those hitters who play through the discomfort, their future production will take a major hit.

The key to uncovering the following results was getting a usable dataset which is easier said than done. Many of the injuries I’m using for the analysis aren’t well documented, if at all. Real men play baseball and they play hurt because that is what real men do and most importantly, they don’t complain about. Besides the machismo, a player has every right to keep his medical data to himself so vagueness thrives. Simply, there is no good available data. Even with the hurdles, I dug into each of the hitters who were reported to have played through an injury the past three seasons (2017, 2018, 2019).

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I’ve had a semi-fixation on hitters playing through injuries and how the diminished production could hamper the next season’s projection. At first, I found some correlation. Then, I didn’t. One possible answer to there being no bounceback is that the injury becomes chronic and the hitter never improves. Or the dataset could be too small.

I want to dive further into the subject, but the information around injuries is sketchy at best. Most of the time, there are no usable details. The lack of an answer means that I should stop coming back to the subject but I’m stubborn.

Very.

I’m going to go through this past season’s hitters. The dive has a couple of goals. One is to create a better dataset for future reference. The second is to understand why some hitters may have struggled when creating a profile. And just maybe, I’ll find out if I can put to rest the notion that hitters who played through injuries are under projected.
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Historically, I’ve “corrected” hitter projections to my own liking and every time I’ve backtested them to the actual results, my adjustments have failed miserably. So why create more work when the end results make my final product worse? Am I a glutton for punishment? In all fairness, I’m sure a heavy dose of Dunning-Kruger is going on but I also believe there may be a sweet spot where personal scouting can come into play. Today, I’m going back to the well one more time to see if some injured hitters should have more encouraging projections because they may have played hurt.

First, I’ve always thought playing through an injury meant that the team and the player were accepting suboptimal production. Then the player could come back healthy and full productive the next season.
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I blame my podcat mate Rob Silver for today’s study. First, he stated this:

The history of 35-year old first basemen having seasons like what everyone think Votto is gonna do is almost non-existent.

Now Hall of Fame players do Hall of Fame things but everyone just assumes the curve goes back up – and I hope it does but man….

— Rob Silver (@RobSilver) February 6, 2019

And then he said this:

Nelson Cruz hit 41 homeruns last year.

He’s awesome.

Super safe player to draft.

He’s 39 this year.

In the history of baseball one player has hit more than 40 homers at 39 or older – Barry Bonds.

Three players hit > 36 (Bonds, Hank Aaron, Papi)

Only 7 hit > 30.

— Rob Silver (@RobSilver) November 18, 2019

Of course, players age. Some quickly. Some not as fast. While few hitters remain productive into and past their mid-30’s, I needed a simple rule on how to deal with these vets. I found one and since I need to provide content to be paid, so does the world.
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There is no need to beat around the bush with an intro full of cliches and examples. Simply does playing in the postseason wear down a player enough to effect their next season’s production?

Simple answer: Not really.

Less simple answer: Some with hitters, not at all with pitchers.

Complex answer: Danger math.

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When I wrote my article on disappointing 2019 hitters, the data diverged from expectations in one subset of hitters. Injured players dominated the list but they also saw a huge drop in their production to the tune of about 100 points of OPS. While the season-to-season OPS values are never exactly one-for-one, a 100 point dropped is huge especially since the league’s overall OPS jumped 30 points last season. I needed to dig in.

It’s going to get a little nerdy as I have to explain how I examined the data. To try to minimize the pre and post-injury production from the investigation, I only looked at players who were placed on the IL in March or April. Little if any of their production should have been before the injury. A second reason was to help project hitters who are dealing with offseason surgeries (e.g. Adalberto Mondesi). So, over the past 10 seasons, 627 hitters met these criteria.
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Some of the best draft day values can be injured arms who missed all or most of the previous season, taking them off the radar of many fantasy mangers. Some of these guys will fly up draft boards with a strong spring, but others will remain afterthoughts throughout draft season. Here are 10 injured arms to keep in mind for 2020:

Lance McCullers Jr. | Tommy John surgery (Nov ’18)

By having his TJ in November of 2018, McCullers will get the extended 16-month recovery time before returning. This will give him a chance at a full season in 2020, though it’s worth noting that his MLB-high is 128.3 innings so he has to show that he can make it through a full 30 starts in the first place. His #TooEarlyMock (TEM) price was 253 on average (71st among SPs), but it will rise quite a bit with a healthy spring. McCullers is a great target for early drafters on price alone.

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