2022 Review: Hitter xwOBA Underperformers
Let’s start reviewing various 2022 metrics. Today, I’ll start by comparing a hitter’s wOBA to his Statcast xwOBA. If a projection system is directly weighing previous season surface results, rather than incorporating batted ball data, the forecast could be more pessimistic or optimistic than it should. This list of xwOBA underperformers could potentially beat their projections if only their 2022 surface results, and not the underlying data, are considered.
| Name | wOBA | xwOBA | Diff |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ryan Mountcastle | 0.316 | 0.362 | -0.046 |
| Carlos Santana | 0.308 | 0.352 | -0.044 |
| Corey Seager | 0.331 | 0.372 | -0.041 |
| Marcell Ozuna | 0.298 | 0.337 | -0.039 |
| Yordan Alvarez | 0.427 | 0.462 | -0.035 |
| Jesse Winker | 0.313 | 0.345 | -0.032 |
| Ronald Acuña Jr. | 0.335 | 0.366 | -0.031 |
Count Ryan Mountcastle as an Orioles hitter who wasn’t happy with the ballpark changes heading into the 2022 season. He went from performing significantly better at home, including a dramatically higher ISO and HR/FB rate, in 2021, to showing weaker power at home in 2022. The more pitcher friendly home park could very well explain some of the wOBA-xwOBA discrepancy, as xwOBA doesn’t account for home park. However, that’s a massive gap, so it’s hard to believe the park changes explains everything. That said, his xwOBA underperformance basically stems entirely from his xSLG underperformance. So while the park changes might cap his ultimate upside, I still think he’s due for at least some HR/FB rate rebound.
Ya think the Pirates signed Carlos Santana after learning that he massively underperformed his xwOBA?! Unfortunately, he’s been a consistent underperformer throughout his career. In eight seasons of xwOBA calculations, he has underperformed in seven of them. At the moment, he figures to open the season at the Pirates’ starting DH. But for a team that finished in last in 2022, I don’t see why they would continue trotting him out there rather than giving a youngster a shot. So his chances of playing a full season seem pretty slim, which also cuts the chances of his luck rebounding.
With a career high 33 home runs, it wasn’t so obvious that Corey Seager was such an underperformer. But he actually posted the second lowest wOBA of his career, and the lowest in any full season. He has suffered xwOBA underperformance before, but hasn’t consistently underperformed as often as Santana has. What drove Seager’s underperformance is pretty obvious — he posted a career low .242 BABIP, which was actually the first time his BABIP even fell below .300. It’s shocking considering he only hit 3 pop-ups all year, so he avoided lots of automatic outs. His xBA sat at .283, versus a .245 actual batting average. While the 33 homers mean he’s unlikely to be dramatically undervalued, he could still outperform, at least on the batting average side.
It was a forgettable season for Marcell Ozuna, who posted the first sub-.300 wOBA of his career. Although his xwOBA was the second lowest of his career, it suggests he deserved better results than he posted. Of course, in six full seasons, he has underperformed his xwOBA in five of them. So he’s also no stranger to xwOBA underperformance. After posting the lowest BABIP in his career over a full season, you have to assume he’ll rebound some there, and all the projection systems agree, though those forecasts remain far below his career mark. Playing time is expected to be an issue as he fills the DH role and could easily be swapped out if he slumps. I would probably speculate in deep leagues assuming he came cheap, but that’s about it.
Man, imagine a hitter posting a a .427 wOBA and yet still ranking as the fifth biggest underperformer! Say hello to Yordan Alvarez, who is coming off a monster season that possibly should have been even better. He has now underperformed two seasons in a row, but did overperform during his 2019 debut. While his xBA was above his actual average, it appears that more of his underperformance was due to underperforming his xSLG. He posted the second highest Barrel% in baseball among qualified hitters, fourth highest maxEV, and second highest HardHit%. It all added up to the second highest HR/FB rate and a .306 ISO. It’s hard to believe he should have deserved better than that, so I’ll stick with the projections here and not call for any additional upside.
It was a disastrous fantasy season for Jesse Winker, especially in leagues that count batting average instead of OBP. But because of his high walk rate, he still managed to post a wOBA over .300, even though it was easily the worst of his career. Winker has generally bobbed around his xwOBA, so he’s definitely not a consistent underperformer. With a career worst BABIP and ISO, and second lowest HR/FB rate of his career, he underperformed both his xBA and xSLG. Without any speed, he left him with no fantasy value. The good news is he was traded to the Brewers at the beginning of December, which should boost his HR/FB rate. American Family Field isn’t nearly as friendly for left-handed home runs as Great American Ball Park in Cincinnati was when he was a Red, but it still boosts HR/FB rate, making it a good spot for Winker to land. He’s a nice rebound candidate, especially in OBP leagues.
Getting a late start to the season after recovering from surgery, Ronald Acuña Jr. easily posted the worst wOBA of his career. While the power wasn’t there, he did steal 29 bases, so he wasn’t a major disappointment in fantasy leagues. He easily posted his lowest HR/FB rate and the first time it dipped below 20%, while his ISO settled at just .148, the first time it was below .200. All of his underperformance according to Statcast was due to the lack of power, as his xSLG was significantly above his actual SLG. With more time removed from surgery, it would make sense for his power to rebound, but all the forecasts are playing it safe, calling for his second lowest ISO. He could end up being the rare top pick that actually earns a profit.
Mike Podhorzer is the founder of ProjectingX IQ, an advanced fantasy baseball analytics platform that transforms projection data and in-season performance signals into actionable intelligence. He is the 2015 Fantasy Sports Writers Association Baseball Writer of the Year and three-time Tout Wars champion. He is the author of the eBook Projecting X 2.0: How to Forecast Baseball Player Performance, which teaches you how to project players yourself. Follow Mike on X@MikePodhorzer and contact him via email.
Probably didn’t qualify by PA, but Bryan De La Cruz is another interesting one. Bad discipline, but his xwoba difference (-.042) would be third on this list. He also had a tale of two seasons, ending with a torrid hot streak.
Santana is a deep discount guy I’m targeting. He has been crushed by the shift from the left side the last couple seasons – he went from being shifted from the left side 65% of the time in 2016 to 98% of the time the last 2 years and the difference in his wOBA between being shifted and not shifted is astronomical.
With no shift now, he’s a great bounce back candidate. The only worrisome thing is his chase rate has jumped the last couple years. Always concerned when you see an old guy having to get the bat started a little earlier – that was the warning sign in Pujols profile in 2011-2012.
I think the impact of teh new shift rules are being highly overstated. The SS will just be a few feet right of where he was last year and the 2B will play with 1 foot on the dirt. The data overwhelmingly shows that the more extreme shifts did little to impact babip.
It’s not nothing, but it’s not a lot, and it impacts wOBA even less.
A quick and dirty Carlos Santana evaluation of the shift. For all LHB, the batting averages for shifted/non-shifted (as defined by StatCast) GB to each field direction in 2022 were as follows:
Pull: .113/.185
Straight: .223/.245
Oppo: .557/.412
Carlos Santana had 79 pulled ground balls, 44 straight ground balls, and 12 oppo ground balls in 2022. If you assume he was shifted on 100% of his PA and assume league average batting average to each field, he would have 25.4 hits on ground balls. If you assume he was shifted on 0% of his PA with league average batting average to each direction, he would have 30.4 hits on ground balls. Add five hits to his total, and his BABIP goes from .209 to .224, and that’s at the most extreme ends of the spectrum.
It’s not nothing, but considering these hits are almost certainly singles, it would only raise his wOBA by five points to .313, hardly enough to make him worthwhile at 1B.
I agree the SS part of it isn’t going to change much, but not allowing that 2B to play short RF is going to change things significantly for LH sluggers. That’s going to be a lot of sharp grounders that were outs now getting through. Santana had 14 grounds outs from the left side last year that were hit at 95+ MPH.
It’s not just LH hitters either. Some of the aging slow RH sluggers will benefit with teams no longer able to put the SS out in short LF.(I was going to put Miggy here and while he was still hitting the ball hard through 2021, his numbers took a pretty sharp nosedive last year).
Is there any evidence xwOBA is actually more predictive than wOBA? Aside from the name, expected, I haven’t seen any. It is a few years old now and the black box of the xStats may have changed, but didn’t BP find exactly the opposite?
I added a link to research done here several years go to tomorrow’s post, so check when that gets published.
I started expressing concern w/ Acuna pretty early last year due to some pretty gross (for him) peripherals, but got a lot pushback from folks arguing that the xwOBA looked great, so the lackluster actuals were likely just noise. I had Acuna in several leagues last year, so I convinced myself that this was indeed the case, but it never really got better; in fact, things got worse as the season wore on. Anecdotally, the speculation began that maybe Acuna’s knee was impacting his bat, but Acuna was stealing bases left and right so I wondered how much his knee had to do with his hitting. I mean, you can say what you want about timing/recovery/whatever, but this dude was *slugging* in the .300s for large swaths of the 2022 season. This after slugging near .600 in the two seasons prior (albeit partial seasons). What is even more concerning is that, in the history of players who have suffered major injuries, those who came back almost always either a) came back w/ almost no impact to performance, or b) never came close to their old performance levels and were out of the league shortly thereafter. Buster Posey had his knee explode during a home plate collision in early 2011… In 2012 he was NL MVP. I understand that no two injuries/recoveries are the same, but historically, it’s bad news that Ronald’s performance suffered to the extent it did. It would be great if someone could find examples that would serve as a positive prognosis for Acuna.